TM 5-631 by United States. Department of the Army & United States. Department of the Navy

Author:United States. Department of the Army & United States. Department of the Navy
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: United States. Navy, US Navy, Woodlots, Field Manual, Technical Manual, US Army, United States. Army, United States. -- Army -- Handbooks, manuals, etc, United States. -- Navy -- Handbooks, manuals, etc, Forests and forestry -- United States, Forest management -- United States
Published: 1963-04-02T05:00:00+00:00

Figure Longleaf pine seed tree.

ing trees grow better crowns and become more windfirm and decomposition of the litter is hastened. If cutting is too heavy, grasses and weeds may move in. The preparatory cutting (one or more) is unnecessary if thinning is practiced at regular intervals. (b) Seed cutting. Make only one seed cutting to provide reproduction and remove 25 to 50 percent of the remaining stand. This cutting is made just after the seeds mature in a good seed year. Logging serves to work the seeds into the humus and mineral soil. Remove smaller trees, those of relatively low

vigor, and those of very large size which would destroy too much reproduction if allowed to remain until the "removal cutting." (c) The removal cutting harvests the remaining old trees in one or several op-perations, the last of which is the "final cutting" which may not be made for many years. (2) Pure shelter wood does not provide the most economical processes of forest management. As the situation requires, combine the various steps each time a scheduled cutting cycle is marked. d. Selection. This method calls for the removal, annually or periodically, of the trees which have reached rotation age. It is particularly suitable for military woodlands. The theoretical selection forest is all-aged with proportions of each age class from 1 year old to rotation age. Actually, this condition seldom exists, but practical application of this type of cutting may be modified to fit local conditions. For best results, harvest cutting, thinning, and improvement cutting are combined in one operation. Each area is cut over once every cutting cycle (which may be any period from 5 to 12 years as local growth rate dictates). The openings made by removal of the mature trees permit reproduction but the removal of the mature tree may not provide sufficient open space. If removal of surrounding trees does not provide at least y 4 -&cre open area, remove sufficient additional trees to obtain it.

39. Timber Stand Improvement

This is, broadly, the release of young trees of desirable species, generally under 4 inches DBH, from the competition of brush and overtopping by undesirable tree species. It differs from the other described types of silviculture in that the trees removed are unmerchantable for one reason or another.

a. Timing. Accomplish the work before the overstory destroys the ability of the desirable trees to recover.

b. Procedure. Use the following procedures to kill low value hardwoods.

(1) Chopping is useful when the tree can be removed by less than four blows of a sharp ax. Include trees and shrubs of larger diameter when motor-powered circular saws are available. Followup

Digitized by

treatment of the stumps with poison is desirable.

(2) Girdling is usually confined to trees over 10 inches DBH. Trees of that size seldom sprout after girdling and, therefore, do not require poisoning. Completely sever the bark and cambium layer and cut into the sapwood at least one-half inch preferably in mid-April through June. Some species, particularly sweet and black gums, may not die for several years following girdling.

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